Understanding Your Diagnosis First
Before discussing treatment, it's essential to have a clear picture of your diagnosis. This includes the type of cancer, its stage, and whether it has spread. Asking your oncologist for a written summary of your pathology report — and having it explained in plain language — is a strong first step.
Don't hesitate to ask questions such as: What type of cancer is this exactly? What stage is it? What are my treatment goals — cure, control, or comfort?
The Main Types of Cancer Treatment
- Surgery – Removal of tumors or cancerous tissue. Often used for solid tumors when the cancer is localized.
- Radiation Therapy – Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. Can be external beam or internal (brachytherapy).
- Chemotherapy – Drugs that kill rapidly dividing cells. Can be given by IV infusion or orally.
- Immunotherapy – Helps your immune system recognize and fight cancer. Growing rapidly in use for many cancer types.
- Targeted Therapy – Drugs designed to target specific mutations or proteins in cancer cells.
- Hormone Therapy – Used for hormone-sensitive cancers like breast and prostate cancer.
- Clinical Trials – Studies testing new treatments. Can provide access to cutting-edge therapies not yet widely available.
Major Cancer Treatment Centers in Washington, DC
| Center | Affiliation | Notable Strengths |
|---|---|---|
| Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center | Georgetown University / MedStar | NCI-designated; broad cancer specialties, clinical trials |
| GW Cancer Center | George Washington University | Multidisciplinary care, patient navigation |
| MedStar Washington Hospital Center | MedStar Health | Full oncology services, radiation oncology |
| Howard University Cancer Center | Howard University Hospital | Focus on underserved communities, diverse patient population |
| NIH Clinical Center | National Institutes of Health | Cutting-edge clinical trials (research participation only) |
The Value of a Second Opinion
Getting a second opinion before starting treatment is not disloyal to your doctor — it's a widely accepted and often encouraged practice in oncology. A second perspective may confirm your current plan or reveal alternative approaches. NCI-designated cancer centers, like Lombardi, are well-positioned to provide comprehensive second-opinion consultations.
What Is a Patient Navigator?
Many DC-area cancer centers offer patient navigators — trained professionals (often nurses or social workers) who help you coordinate appointments, understand your treatment plan, communicate with your care team, and connect with support services. If your treatment center offers this service, take advantage of it from day one.
Clinical Trials in DC
Washington, DC is home to world-class research institutions. Participating in a clinical trial can provide access to innovative therapies. To find open trials relevant to your diagnosis, visit ClinicalTrials.gov and search by condition and location. Your oncologist can also help determine whether a trial might be appropriate for you.
Key Questions to Ask Your Oncologist
- What treatment do you recommend and why?
- What are the goals of this treatment?
- What are the most common side effects?
- Are there clinical trials I may be eligible for?
- What happens if I choose not to pursue this treatment?